Journal: Scientific Reports
Article Title: Upper limb compensatory strategies across tasks with an ultrasound-controlled prosthesis
doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-34337-0
Figure Lengend Snippet: Sensor setup and functional tasks. ( A ) Experimental setup integrating the MoUsE portable ultrasound system housed in a 3D-printed casing, an Arduino microcontroller for on/off switch control, and a custom-fabricated thermoplastic socket embedded with 32 ultrasound transducers and fitted with a Michelangelo prosthetic hand. ( B ) Placement of surface electromyography (sEMG) sensors using the Delsys Trigno Wireless System. Twelve electrodes were positioned bilaterally on the sternocleidomastoid (SCM), upper trapezius, lower trapezius, deltoid, teres major, and lower erector spinae muscles. Electrode placement followed standardized anatomical guidelines to ensure signal reliability and inter-subject consistency , . ( C ) Definition of the marker set for participants with unilateral upper-limb loss. Reference markers were placed on the C7 vertebra (C7), manubrium (IJ), and bilateral acromion processes (RightAC, LeftAC) to define the thorax segment. The right and left upper limbs were segmented using clusters of markers placed on the scapulae (RightScapSpine, LeftScapSpine), upper arms (RightHumerLatProx, LeftHumerLatProx), and forearms (RightHumerLatDist, LeftHumerLatDist; RElbowM/L, LElbowM/L). Additional anatomical landmarks included the mid- and distal humerus, and lateral and medial aspects of both elbows. ( D ) Functional tasks performed during the experiment, including the Clothespin Relocation Test (CPRT), Drinking task, and Lightbulb task.
Article Snippet: Surface electromyography system: trunk and shoulder muscle activity was captured using the Delsys Trigno Wireless surface EMG system (Delsys, Boston, MA, USA).
Techniques: Functional Assay, Control, Muscles, Marker
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